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Romani people () in Bulgaria constitute one of the country's largest ethnic minorities. The Romani are the third or second largest ethnic group, depending on the data. According to the census in 2011, in which 90% of the population stated their ethnic group, the total number of Romani is 325,343 or 4.4%, making Bulgaria the country with highest percentage of Romani in Europe. The 2011 census recorded a lower figure than that in 2001. While Romani have the highest birth rate in Europe and are considered the fastest growing group, and the largest minority, there is controversy about their number. They also tend to have high death and immigration rates. The majority of the estimated 200,000-400,000 Muslim Romani tend to identify themselves as ethnic Turks,〔()〕 others deny their origin, especially if they are well integrated within the Bulgarian culture and society, also if they are children of mixed couples since they usually have limited to even possibly zero connections to Romani culture, traditions, society or language. It is possible that the number of Romani does not decrease along with the rest of Bulgaria's population and, according to some estimates, their number may have risen to 600,000〔()〕 or 800,000〔https://books.google.bg/books?id=lQWYAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA558&dq=gypsies+bulgarians+poverty+line&hl=bg&sa=X&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAWoVChMIv5K_wZSIxgIVA-tyCh3bgADY#v=onepage&q=gypsies%20bulgarians%20poverty%20line&f=false〕 including those who prefer to identify as ethnic Turks or ethnic Bulgarians.〔(Kontaktlinguistik / Contact Linguistics / Linguistique de contact. 2. Halbband edited by Hans Goebl Page 1490 )〕 The Romani people in Bulgaria "speak Bulgarian, Turkish or Romani, depending on the region and their religious affiliations."〔()〕 The Romani have darker pigmentation than most of Bulgaria's ethnic groups. They are not concentrated in specific regions, but are rather spread throughout the country in similar frequencies, not constituting a majority in any Bulgarian province or municipality. However, there are villages with Romani majority. == Overview == In Bulgaria, Romani are most commonly referred to as ''Tsigani'' (цигани, pronounced (:tsiɡəni)), an exonym that some Romani resent and others embrace. The form of the endonym ''Roma'' in Bulgarian is ''romi'' (роми). In Bulgaria Roma are discriminated: 59% to 80% of non-Roma have negative feelings towards Roma.〔https://books.google.bg/books?id=lw-Byail0EkC&pg=PA12&dq=ethnic+bulgarians+percent&hl=bg&sa=X&ved=0CGcQ6AEwCWoVChMI34X956CIxgIVCs9yCh1GOADE#v=onepage&q=ethnic%20bulgarians%20percent&f=false〕 They are emancipated social group, having higher crime, unemployment, birth, death and poverty rates, and not many of them attend school. Though most live in poverty, the Romani are represented in Bulgarian mafia and rich Romani crime bosses deal with drug trade and prostitution. Though most of them are officially unemployed, they have a high rate of child sex workers. Roma constitute the majority of prison population according to self-identification of inmates, with 7000 prisoners (70%) out of 10,000 in total.〔()〕 According to 2002 data, the poverty rate among Romani is 61.8%, in contrast to a rate of 5.6% among Bulgarians. In 1997, 84% of Bulgarian Romani lived under the poverty line, compared with 32% of ethnic Bulgarians.〔The Roma in Central and Eastern Europe: Avoiding the Dependency Trap, pp. 31, 39.〕 In 1994, the poverty rate of Romani was estimated at 71.4%, compared with 15% for Bulgarians.〔https://books.google.bg/books?id=O_tXHTK2kQUC&pg=PA47&dq=ethnic+bulgarians+constitute&hl=bg&sa=X&ved=0CFYQ6AEwB2oVChMIl9fKoYqIxgIVqvxyCh1xzQCp#v=onepage&q=ethnic%20bulgarians%20constitute&f=false〕 However, they enjoy more financial aid than other citizens, especially for children, which may have prompt the higher birth rates of the Romani. Many live with humanitarian aid without working. In 2011 the share of Romani with university degree reached 0.3%, while 6.9% have secondary education; the same share was 22.8%/47.6% for Bulgarians. Romani are avoided by the majority traditionally, especially for marriage, however, there are ethnically mixed people with Gypsy and Bulgarian parents who are called жоревци "''zhorevtsi''" (from the common name George). Bulgaria participates in the Decade of Roma Inclusion, an international initiative to improve the socio-economic status and social inclusion of Roma, with eight other governments committing themselves to "work toward eliminating discrimination and closing the unacceptable gaps between Roma and the rest of society". The rights of the Romani people in the country are also represented by political parties and cultural organizations, most notably the Civil Union "Roma". Noted Roma from Bulgaria include musicians Azis, Sofi Marinova and Ivo Papazov, surgeon Aleksandar Chirkov, politicians Toma Tomov and Tsvetelin Kanchev, footballer Marian Ognyanov, and 1988 Olympic boxing champion Ismail Mustafov. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Romani people in Bulgaria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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